Topic 1 - Hybrid Warfare

In modern conflicts, we are seeing a rise in low-cost, off-the-shelf hardware used on battlefields across the world. Most notably with consumer drones being used in the Russia-Ukraine war as an alternative to million-dollar systems, and oftentimes to greater effect. Commonly being more expensive to intercept than to produce, these drones are being used by both sides to great effect. This advancement has been noticed by the international community, and many countries are moving to augment their forces with drone systems. How are different nations approaching this new type of weapon? Are there any nations that would like to restrict or ban its use? How do nations plan on countering these new weapons? How will nations ensure that their use is ethical and compliant with international laws?

Topic 2 - Asymmetric Warfare

The digital world and the material world are becoming increasingly interconnected. Cyberattacks are becoming more common than physical ones, and nations must adapt to fight these threats. With so much being connected to the digital world, vital infrastructure can be taken offline if cyber criminals or rival nations are left to do as they please. Nations must ensure that they are able to protect themselves and their citizens from this new type of threat. Is it possible to have global cooperation to act against cyber criminals? How can rival nations be held accountable for cyberattacks? Are there certain institutions, like hospitals, that should receive international protection from cyberattacks?